{"id":39931,"date":"2025-02-14T11:43:32","date_gmt":"2025-02-14T11:43:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/metachannelcorp.com\/en\/perspectives\/sommet-pour-laction-sur-lintelligence-artificielle-paris-2025\/"},"modified":"2025-02-14T11:43:32","modified_gmt":"2025-02-14T11:43:32","slug":"sommet-pour-l-action-sur-l-intelligence-artificielle-paris-2025","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/metachannelcorp.com\/fr\/perspectives\/sommet-pour-l-action-sur-l-intelligence-artificielle-paris-2025\/","title":{"rendered":"Sommet pour l’action sur l’intelligence artificielle \u2013 Paris 2025"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sommet pour l’action sur l’intelligence artificielle \u2013 Paris 2025<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

Par <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Antonio Tejeda Encinas<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span>, pr\u00e9sident de l’<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Euro-American Committee of Digital Law<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span> et CEO de <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Meta Channel Corp<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

\ud83d\udcc5 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>10 et 11 f\u00e9vrier 2025<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

1. Introduction\u202f: un \u00e9v\u00e9nement d\u00e9cisif pour l’intelligence artificielle dans le monde<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Le Sommet pour l’action sur l’intelligence artificielle, qui s’est tenu \u00e0 Paris les 10 et 11 f\u00e9vrier 2025, n’a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 une simple conf\u00e9rence technologique mondiale de plus. Ce fut une d\u00e9claration d’intentions.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Plus de 100 dirigeants mondiaux, organisations internationales, g\u00e9ants de la technologie et experts en IA se sont r\u00e9unis pour aborder les grandes tensions auxquelles le monde est confront\u00e9 face \u00e0 l’avanc\u00e9e acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9e de cette technologie. L’Europe, les \u00c9tats-Unis et la Chine sont arriv\u00e9s avec des positions bien d\u00e9finies, avec des accords et des d\u00e9saccords r\u00e9v\u00e9lateurs d’une lutte de pouvoir technologique sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Les th\u00e8mes qui ont domin\u00e9 les sessions \u00e9taient clairs\u202f:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2705 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>R\u00e9glementation contre innovation<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u202f: faut-il prot\u00e9ger les citoyens ou laisser les entreprises d\u00e9velopper l’IA sans restrictions\u202f?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2705 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Le poids g\u00e9opolitique de l’IA<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u202f: qui dominera la prochaine d\u00e9cennie\u202f? L’Europe peut-elle rivaliser avec les \u00c9tats-Unis\u202f? Et avec la Chine, ou restera-t-elle \u00e0 la tra\u00eene\u202f?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2705 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Le retrait de textes normatifs cl\u00e9s dans l’UE<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u202f: une strat\u00e9gie pour acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer la croissance ou une concession aux int\u00e9r\u00eats des entreprises\u202f?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2705 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Impact sur l’emploi et durabilit\u00e9<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u202f: l’IA apportera-t-elle la prosp\u00e9rit\u00e9 ou d\u00e9truira-t-elle des emplois et nuira-t-elle \u00e0 l’environnement\u202f?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

L’avenir de l’intelligence artificielle comme moteur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9, de l’\u00e9conomie et de la politique mondiale \u00e9tait en jeu.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

2. Les trois d\u00e9cisions qui ont marqu\u00e9 le sommet<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Au-del\u00e0 des discours et des promesses, le sommet de Paris a donn\u00e9 lieu \u00e0 des d\u00e9cisions concr\u00e8tes qui d\u00e9finiront l’avenir de l’IA \u00e0 l’\u00e9chelle mondiale.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) L’Europe fait marche arri\u00e8re\u202f: retrait de la directive sur la responsabilit\u00e9 en mati\u00e8re d’IA<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Dans une mesure qui a suscit\u00e9 autant d’applaudissements que de critiques, la Commission europ\u00e9enne a annonc\u00e9 le retrait de la directive sur la responsabilit\u00e9 en mati\u00e8re d’IA.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ce texte visait \u00e0 \u00e9tablir des r\u00e8gles claires sur la question de savoir qui est responsable lorsqu’une IA cause des dommages, mais son abandon a \u00e9t\u00e9 justifi\u00e9 par trois arguments cl\u00e9s\u202f:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1\ufe0f\u20e3 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00c9viter les obstacles \u00e0 l’innovation<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u202f: les grandes entreprises technologiques europ\u00e9ennes ont fait pression pour supprimer des r\u00e9glementations qui les rendraient moins comp\u00e9titives face aux \u00c9tats-Unis et \u00e0 la Chine.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

2\ufe0f\u20e3 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>R\u00e9duire la bureaucratie<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u202f: il a \u00e9t\u00e9 avanc\u00e9 que l’<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>AI Act<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em> \u00e9tablit d\u00e9j\u00e0 des contr\u00f4les suffisants sur l’IA \u00e0 haut risque.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

3\ufe0f\u20e3 <\/span><\/span>D\u00e9centralisation de la responsabilit\u00e9<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u202f: au lieu d’une norme unique pour l’UE, chaque pays pourra d\u00e9finir son propre cadre juridique.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\ud83d\udd0d <\/span><\/span>Cons\u00e9quences et r\u00e9actions<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\n

\ud83d\udd39 <\/span><\/span>Fragmentation juridique dans l’UE<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u202f: les entreprises devront d\u00e9sormais composer avec des r\u00e9glementations nationales diff\u00e9rentes.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\ud83d\udd39 <\/span><\/span>Ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour les citoyens<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u202f: les victimes d’IA mal con\u00e7ues pourraient ne pas disposer de m\u00e9canismes clairs pour demander r\u00e9paration.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\ud83d\udd39 <\/span><\/span>Avantage pour les grandes entreprises technologiques<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u202f: sans directive unifi\u00e9e, les multinationales op\u00e9reront depuis les pays aux r\u00e9glementations les plus laxistes.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Cette d\u00e9cision montre que l’Europe n’est plus s\u00fbre de sa strat\u00e9gie de r\u00e9glementation stricte. La crainte d’\u00eatre distanc\u00e9e par les \u00c9tats-Unis et la Chine a pes\u00e9 plus lourd que la protection juridique des citoyens.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) InvestAI\u202f: 200 milliards d’euros pour l’IA en Europe<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Si le retrait de la directive sur la responsabilit\u00e9 en mati\u00e8re d’IA a suscit\u00e9 la controverse, l’annonce d’<\/span><\/span>InvestAI<\/span><\/span><\/em> a \u00e9t\u00e9 le coup de poing sur la table de l’Europe.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\ud83d\udcb0 <\/span><\/span>200 milliards d’euros<\/span><\/span><\/strong> seront consacr\u00e9s \u00e0 faire du continent un leader mondial de l’intelligence artificielle, avec trois objectifs principaux\u202f:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1\ufe0f\u20e3 <\/span><\/span>Cr\u00e9er une infrastructure d’IA ind\u00e9pendante des \u00c9tats-Unis et de la Chine.<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
2\ufe0f\u20e3 <\/span><\/span>Promouvoir une IA \u00e9thique, align\u00e9e sur les valeurs europ\u00e9ennes.<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
3\ufe0f\u20e3 <\/span><\/span>D\u00e9velopper des mod\u00e8les propres et r\u00e9duire la d\u00e9pendance \u00e0 l’\u00e9gard des technologies ext\u00e9rieures.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\ud83d\udce2 Gigausines d’IA\u202f: le CERN de l’intelligence artificielle ou un mirage\u202f?<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\n

L’un des projets les plus ambitieux d’<\/span><\/span>InvestAI<\/span><\/span><\/em> est la construction de gigausines d’IA, des infrastructures con\u00e7ues pour entra\u00eener des mod\u00e8les avanc\u00e9s d’intelligence artificielle avec une capacit\u00e9 de calcul propre.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\ud83d\udd0e <\/span><\/span>Que sont les gigausines d’IA\u202f?<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2705 Des supercalculateurs de grande capacit\u00e9, capables d’entra\u00eener l’IA avec une autonomie europ\u00e9enne. <\/span><\/span>
\u2705 Elles visent \u00e0 r\u00e9duire la d\u00e9pendance \u00e0 l’\u00e9gard des infrastructures am\u00e9ricaines comme Google, Microsoft ou Nvidia. <\/span><\/span>
\u2705 Elles sont compar\u00e9es au <\/span><\/span>CERN<\/span><\/span><\/em> de la physique, mais consacr\u00e9es \u00e0 l’IA.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\ud83d\udca1 <\/span><\/span>Probl\u00e8mes et d\u00e9fis<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u274c <\/span><\/span>L’Europe ne produit pas de puces comp\u00e9titives<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u202f: elle continuera de d\u00e9pendre de Nvidia, d’AMD et de fabricants am\u00e9ricains. <\/span><\/span>
\u274c <\/span><\/span>Le co\u00fbt \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique est \u00e9norme<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u202f: sans strat\u00e9gie d’\u00e9nergie verte, l’empreinte carbone sera consid\u00e9rable. <\/span><\/span>
\u274c <\/span><\/span>Fuite des talents<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u202f: l’Europe continue de perdre des ing\u00e9nieurs et des experts en IA au profit de la Silicon Valley.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ce projet est-il viable\u202f? S’il est bien ex\u00e9cut\u00e9, l’Europe pourrait d\u00e9velopper l’IA sans d\u00e9pendre des \u00c9tats-Unis\u202f; mais sans mat\u00e9riel propre, ces gigausines pourraient devenir des centres d\u00e9pendants de puces \u00e9trang\u00e8res.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) D\u00e9claration internationale sur une IA \u00e9thique<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

\ud83c\udf0d <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>61 pays<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> ont sign\u00e9 un accord pour promouvoir une IA \u00ab\u202fouverte, inclusive et \u00e9thique\u202f\u00bb.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\ud83d\udd34 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Les \u00c9tats-Unis et le Royaume-Uni ont refus\u00e9 de signer<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> , arguant que ce cadre pourrait freiner l’innovation.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\ud83c\uddeb\ud83c\uddf7 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>La France a annonc\u00e9 son propre plan national pour l’IA<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong> , avec un investissement de <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>109,2 milliards d’euros<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

3. Tensions et d\u00e9bats cl\u00e9s<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

Au-del\u00e0 des annonces, le sommet de Paris s’est transform\u00e9 en champ de bataille d’id\u00e9es et de strat\u00e9gies.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\ud83d\udd25 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>R\u00e9glementation contre innovation<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u202f: l’IA doit-elle se d\u00e9velopper sans entraves ou sous des contr\u00f4les stricts\u202f?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\ud83c\udfc6 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Concurrence mondiale et souverainet\u00e9 num\u00e9rique<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u202f: l’Europe peut-elle rivaliser avec les \u00c9tats-Unis\u202f? Et avec la Chine, sans mat\u00e9riel propre\u202f?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\ud83d\udc68\u200d\ud83d\udcbb <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Impact sur l’emploi<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u202f: allons-nous vers une \u00e8re de ch\u00f4mage massif d\u00fb \u00e0 l’IA\u202f?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\ud83c\udf31 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Durabilit\u00e9<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u202f: comment \u00e9viter que l’IA ne consomme plus de ressources que nous ne pouvons nous le permettre\u202f?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

4. D\u00e9cisions cl\u00e9s apr\u00e8s le sommet<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

4. D\u00e9cisions cl\u00e9s apr\u00e8s le sommet<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u2705 L’UE r\u00e9visera l’AI Act<\/em> pour l’assouplir.
\u2705 La proposition de r\u00e8glement sur les brevets essentiels li\u00e9s \u00e0 des normes (SEP)<\/em> a \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e.
\u2705 Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 annonc\u00e9 la cr\u00e9ation du Groupe scientifique international sur l’IA<\/em>, plac\u00e9 sous l’\u00e9gide de l’ONU.<\/p>\n

5. L’avenir de l’IA se joue maintenant<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

Le Sommet de Paris 2025 a clairement montr\u00e9 que le monde se trouve \u00e0 un point de non-retour en mati\u00e8re d’intelligence artificielle.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\ud83d\udd39 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>L’Europe a assoupli ses r\u00e9glementations pour tenter de rivaliser, mais elle d\u00e9pend encore des \u00c9tats-Unis et de la Chine pour le mat\u00e9riel et les talents.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\ud83d\udd39 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Les questions cl\u00e9s sont d\u00e9sormais\u202f:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2753 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>L’Europe pourra-t-elle s’imposer comme une puissance de l’IA ou restera-t-elle un acteur secondaire\u202f? <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>Comment garantira-t-on l’\u00e9quit\u00e9 dans un monde domin\u00e9 par les algorithmes\u202f? <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>Qui contr\u00f4lera l’IA dans les ann\u00e9es \u00e0 venir\u202f?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span>
\u2753 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>
\u2753<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ce qui vient maintenant est encore plus important que ce qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9cid\u00e9 \u00e0 Paris.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\ud83d\udce2 \u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Ne manquez pas notre prochain article<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u202f: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>InvestAI\u202f: 200 milliards d’euros pour l’IA en Europe<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em> \u2013 R\u00e9volution technologique ou strat\u00e9gie vou\u00e9e \u00e0 l’\u00e9chec\u202f?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sommet pour l’action sur l’intelligence artificielle \u2013 Paris 2025 Par Antonio Tejeda Encinas, pr\u00e9sident de l’Euro-American Committee of Digital Law et CEO de Meta Channel Corp \ud83d\udcc5 10 et 11 f\u00e9vrier 2025 1. Introduction\u202f: un \u00e9v\u00e9nement d\u00e9cisif pour l’intelligence artificielle dans le monde Le Sommet pour l’action sur l’intelligence artificielle, qui s’est tenu \u00e0 Paris […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":33183,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2437],"tags":[2448],"class_list":["post-39931","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-intelligence-artificielle","tag-intelligence-artificielle"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/metachannelcorp.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39931","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/metachannelcorp.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/metachannelcorp.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/metachannelcorp.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/12"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/metachannelcorp.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=39931"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/metachannelcorp.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39931\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/metachannelcorp.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/33183"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/metachannelcorp.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=39931"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/metachannelcorp.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=39931"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/metachannelcorp.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=39931"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}